And the danger lies in this, that crafty agitators are intent on making use of these differences of opinion to pervert men's judgments and to stir up the people to revolt.ģ. It is no easy matter to define the relative rights and mutual duties of the rich and of the poor, of capital and of labor. The discussion is not easy, nor is it void of danger. But in the present letter, the responsibility of the apostolic office urges Us to treat the question of set purpose and in detail, in order that no misapprehension may exist as to the principles which truth and justice dictate for its settlement. Therefore, venerable brethren, as on former occasions when it seemed opportune to refute false teaching, We have addressed you in the interests of the Church and of the common weal, and have issued letters bearing on political power, human liberty, the Christian constitution of the State, and like matters, so have We thought it expedient now to speak on the condition of the working classes.(1) It is a subject on which We have already touched more than once, incidentally. Themomentous gravity of the state of things now obtaining fills every mind withpainful apprehension wise men are discussing it practical men are proposingschemes popular meetings, legislatures, and rulers of nations are all busiedwith it - actually there is no question which has taken deeper hold on thepublic mind.Ģ. The elements of theconflict now raging are unmistakable, in the vast expansion of industrialpursuits and the marvellous discoveries of science in the changed relationsbetween masters and workmen in the enormous fortunes of some few individuals,and the utter poverty of the masses the increased self reliance and closermutual combination of the working classes as also, finally, in the prevailingmoral degeneracy. That the spirit ofrevolutionary change, which has long been disturbing the nations of the world,should have passed beyond the sphere of politics and made its influence felt inthe cognate sphere of practical economics is not surprising.
Of places having Peace andCommunion with the Apostolic See. Primates,Archbishops, Bishops, and other ordinaries To Our Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs,
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